Упр.43 Unit 2 ГДЗ English Михеева 10 класс

Study the topical vocabulary to speak about religions and beliefs in English.

Topical vocabulary

All religions can be divided into

• primal religions (pre-Christian religions of Europe and some other parts of the world and modern tribal religions);
• universal religions (Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, etc.).

Religions always include

• beliefs;
• religious practice.

People who share the same beliefs are members of

• religious communities.

When they come together to worship they are called

• congregations.

Religious communities observe their

• customs;
• rituals;
• rites.

They

• practise/attend worship;
• make/offer prayers or pray;
• listen to sermons read by preachers;
• sing hymns (psalms);
• seek blessing, healing, salvation, etc.;
• make confessions;
• offer sacrifice to God or a god.

Church services are led by

• priests/ministers, the clergy/clergymen (Christianity);
• imams (Islam);
• rabbis (Judaism).

Among other people who devote themselves to God are

• nuns (they live in convents);
• monks (they live in monasteries).

Some religions exist in diverse forms, for example, Christianity splits into

• Roman Catholic Church (headed by the Pope);
• Orthodox Church (headed by the patriarch of Constantinople as the first among equals — other patriarchs);
• the Protestant movement made up of
  • the Lutherans;
  • the Methodists;
  • the Anglicans;
  • the Baptists, etc.

Traditional places of worship are

• churches, cathedrals, chapels (Christianity);
• mosques (Islam);
• synagogues (Judaism);
• pagodas or temples (Buddhism).

Places of worship may be decorated with

• frescoes;
• mosaics;
• icons/ikons;
• stained glass windows;
• candles and chandeliers [Jsenda’liaz];
• statues.

In Christian places of worship the following elements are essential:

• an altar,
• choir stalls,
• a pulpit,
• an iconostasis (pi. iconostases),
• a crucifixion,
• tombs.

In Christianity and Islam the major festivals are:

• Christianity: Advent and Christmas
• Christianity: Lent and Easter
• Islam: Ramadan

Most religions have a tradition of pilgrimage — journeying to some holy place as a religious duty:

• to Bethlehem;
• to Jerusalem;
• to Mecca;
• to Mount Senai.

Some people

• practise secularism (a system of social organization which keeps out all forms of religion);
• consider themselves to be atheists or non-believers;
• think that the physical world is self-contained and can be perfectly well understood with the help of sciences.