Стр.93 ГДЗ Starlight Баранова 11 класс

Задача

Приведем выдержку из задания из учебника Баранова, Дули, Копылова 11 класс, Просвещение: Word Formation Prefixes are syllables which we add before certain words to form new words.The meaning of the new word depends on the prefix that has been used. anti- = against (anticlockwise) bi- = two (bilingual) со- = with (co-educational) counter- = in the opposite direction (counterattack) ex- = previous, former (ex-president) inter- = between (interstate) mis- = done wrongly or badly (misread) mono- = one (monotone) multi- = many (multicultural) non- = not (nonexistent) out- = more, better (outlast) over- = (done) to a great extent (overdo) post- = after (postwar) pre- = before (prenuptial) pro- = in favour of (pro-American) re- = again (redesign) semi- = half (semi-circle) sub- = under, less (subzero) super- = big, more (supermodel) trans- = (travel) from one side, group etc to another (transatlantic) tri- = three (tricycle) under- = not enough (underdeveloped) uni- = one (uniform) The prefixes below are used to express opposite meanings. de- destabilise, dethrone dis- disadvantage, disbelief in- insufficient BUT il- (before I) illegal im- (before b, m, p) immature, improbable ir-(before r) irrelevant BUT unreal, unremarkable non- non-dairy un- unattractive, uncivilised Some prefixes are added to words to form verbs. en- courage — encourage BUT em- (before b, m, p) body — embody Suffixes are syllables which we add to the end of certain words to form new words. Nouns referring to people verb + -er/-or/-ar (work — worker, act — actor, burgle — burglar) noun/verb/adjective + -ist (social — socialist, piano — pianist, national — nationalist) verb + -ant/-ent (assist — assistant, reside — resident) noun + -an/-ian (republic — republican, Italy — Italian) verb + -ее (passive meaning) (employ -employee) Nouns formed from verbs -age post — postage -al propose — proposal -ance perform — performance -ation animate animation -ence coincide — coincidence -ion televise — television -ment employ — employment -sion pretend — pretension (verbs ending in -d/-t) -sis hypothesise — hypothesis -tion describe — description -ure close — closure -y discover — discovery Nouns formed from adjectives -ance relevant relevance -cy urgent — urgency -ence patient — patience -ion isolated — isolation -iness happy — happiness -ness sad – sadness — ity relative — relativity -ty royal — royalty -y honest — honesty Adjectives formed from nouns -ous nausea — nauseous -al nation — national -ic history — historic -ical theatre — theatrical -ish girl — girlish -ive suppression – suppressive -ful (with) dread — dreadful -less (without) name nameless -ant brilliance — brilliant -able reason — reasonable -y wealth — wealthy -ly world — worldly Adjectives formed from verbs -able treat — treatable -ible sense — sensible (verbs ending in -d/-t) -ive exclude — exclusive -ate consider — considerate -ent differ — different Verbs formed from adjectives -en bright — brighten -ise real — realise Verbs formed from nouns -en strength – strengthen *Цитирирование части задания со ссылкой на учебник производится исключительно в учебных целях для лучшего понимания разбора решения задания.

Подробный ответ

Приведём краткое правило по словообразованию: приставки и суффиксы помогают образовывать новые слова, а их значение зависит от того, что именно добавлено к основе.

Prefixes

anti- = against (anticlockwise)
bi- = two (bilingual)
co- = with (co-educational)
counter- = in the opposite direction (counterattack)
ex- = previous, former (ex-president)
inter- = between (interstate)
mis- = done wrongly or badly (misread)
mono- = one (monotone)
multi- = many (multicultural)
non- = not (nonexistent)
out- = more, better (outlast)
over- = done to a great extent (overdo)
post- = after (postwar)
pre- = before (prenuptial)
pro- = in favour of (pro-American)
re- = again (redesign)
semi- = half (semi-circle)
sub- = under, less (subzero)
super- = big, more (supermodel)
trans- = from one side, group etc. to another (transatlantic)
tri- = three (tricycle)
under- = not enough (underdeveloped)
uni- = one (uniform)

Opposite meanings:
de- — destabilise, dethrone
dis- — disadvantage, disbelief
in- — insufficient, but il- before l (illegal)
im- before b, m, p (immature, improbable)
ir- before r (irrelevant)
non- — non-dairy
un- — unattractive, uncivilised

Verbs formed with prefixes:
en- + courage → encourage
em- before b, m, p + body → embody

Suffixes

Nouns referring to people:
verb + -er/-or/-ar — worker, actor, burglar
noun/verb/adjective + -ist — socialist, pianist, nationalist
verb + -ant/-ent — assistant, resident
noun + -an/-ian — republican, Italian
verb + -ee — passive meaning, employee

Nouns formed from verbs:
-age — postage
-al — proposal
-ance — performance
-ation — animation
-ence — coincidence
-ion — television
-ment — employment
-sion — pretension
-sis — hypothesis
-tion — description
-ure — closure
-y — discovery

Nouns formed from adjectives:
-ance — relevance
-cy — urgency
-ence — patience
-ion — isolation
-iness — happiness
-ness — sadness
-ity — relativity
-ty — royalty
-y — honesty

Adjectives formed from nouns:
-ous — nauseous
-al — national
-ic — historic
-ical — theatrical
-ish — girlish
-ive — suppressive
-ful — dreadful
-less — nameless
-ant — brilliant
-able — reasonable
-y — wealthy
-ly — worldly

Adjectives formed from verbs:
-able — treatable
-ible — sensible
-ive — exclusive
-ate — considerate
-ent — different