Стр.132-133 Unit 9-10 ГДЗ Комарова Ларионова 11 класс

Приведем выдержку из задания из учебника Комарова, Ларионова 11 класс, Русское слово: Learn about biology
A Read the introduction below and answer the questions.
a Why do we need to digest our food?
b What is the digestive tract?
The human digestive system
The human body is a complex machine, everything inside it is carefully designed to make the most of the way we live and the way we eat. The food we eat is fuel for our body. But have you ever wondered what exactly happens as it travels from the mouth through the body and out the other end? The fact is that the bread, meat and vegetables that we eat are tasty, but they aren’t nourishment for our body. Our digestive system needs to change or digest the food in order to make it fuel. So, from tile moment we put food into our mouth, our body begins the work that is needed to ensure we receive the necessary carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals that make up a healthy diet. It all takes place in the digestive tract, a long twisting tube with muscles.
B Study the diagram of the digestive system, then read the descriptions below. Match each description with a word or phrase from the box.
large intestine
mouth
oesophagus
small intestine
stomach
A Once you have swallowed, the food moves down this narrow tube. This tube connects the throat with the stomach. There’s a small trapdoor called a sphincter at the bottom of the tube. It pops open when the food comes down and the food drops into the stomach. The sphincter snaps closed again afterwards.
В This is the place where food gets chewed up and mixed with saliva. Saliva is mostly water, but it also contains enzymes which break down food. It helps make food soft and easy to swallow.
C This is a very important area for digestion. It’s like a big washing machine. The food drops in and the top area expands. If you’ve had a lot to cat, you can really feel it. While the top part is storing the food, the bottom part starts mixing the food up with digestive juices or acid — this is the muscle working to break down the food even more. Then it has to slowly empty its contents out into the next sections.
D When the food gets to this point it doesn’t really look anything like food anymore. More enzyme liquids arc mixed with the food here. These liquids come from the liver and pancreas. During the passage through this area the nutrients from the digested food are slowly absorbed into the body through little tiny fingers called villi. This is where the body really gets its fuel from.
E This is where all the waste products go. Some absorption of vitamins and water still takes place here, but this is the end of the road for leftover substances such as fibre.
C Answer the questions.
1 Why do we need to chew our food?
2 What stops the food coming back out of the stomach?
3 What do enzymes do in the digestive tract?
4 Why does the writer use the word washing machine, and what does it describe?
5 At what point are important nutrients absorbed by the body?
6 Where docs the body send leftover food?
D Now read the warning below and decide:
a Which are some of the different food groups?
b What kinds of things should we avoid?
What can go wrong?
One part of the body that we really need to protect is the liver. The liver is in charge of a multitude of functions in the body. Among other things, the liver is in charge of getting rid of the toxins in our body. Toxins arc basically poisons. But you’d be surprised what kind of things are ‘poisonous’ for the human body.
The biggest toxin is alcohol. If you drink too much alcohol, the liver doesn’t have enough time to get it out of the body and so the liver can stop digesting fats effectively. Then you get something called fatty liver. But this problem can also be caused by overeating. An overly fatty diet is extremely bad for the digestive system, as is a diet with too much meat.
The fact is that for digestion to work effectively, we need a balanced and nutritious diet. We need to cat the correct amounts of protein, carbohydrate, dairy and fat and enough fruit and vegetables to keep everything working in harmony.
Project: Good food
Match the different foods with the correct food group. Which food group do you think we should eat the least of? Which should we eat more of?
Create a food pyramid.
aubergine
banana
beef
bread
broccoli
butter
cereal
cheese
chicken
cucumber
fish
jam
lentils
milk
nuts
olive oil
peach
rice
spaghetti
spinach
tomato
watermelon
yoghurt
protein
dairy
complex carbohydrates
fats, oils and sweets
fruit
vegetables *Цитирирование части задания со ссылкой на учебник производится исключительно в учебных целях для лучшего понимания разбора решения задания.

Ответ

A

1. We need to digest our food to turn it into fuel and nutrients that our body can use.
2. The digestive tract is a long twisting tube with muscles where digestion takes place.

B

1. A — oesophagus
2. B — mouth
3. C — stomach
4. D — small intestine
5. E — large intestine

C

1. We chew our food to break it into smaller pieces and mix it with saliva, so it is easier to swallow and digest.
2. A sphincter at the bottom of the oesophagus stops the food coming back out of the stomach.
3. Enzymes break down food into smaller parts.
4. The writer uses the words washing machine to describe the stomach, because it mixes food with digestive juices and acid, just like a washing machine mixes things.
5. Important nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine.
6. The body sends leftover food to the large intestine.

D

Some of the different food groups are protein, dairy, complex carbohydrates, fats, oils and sweets, fruit, and vegetables.

We should avoid too much alcohol, an overly fatty diet, and too much meat.

Project: Good food

We should eat fats, oils and sweets the least, and fruit and vegetables more.