Стр.116-117 Модуль 6 ГДЗ Starlight Баранова 8 класс

Приведем выдержку из задания из учебника Баранова, Дули, Копылова 8 класс, Просвещение: 6f Animal talk
Do you speak dolphinese?
Dr Denise Herzing knows the names of all the members of the pod of wild spotted dolphins she studies. She knows who the grandparents are and when their grandchildren were born. She recognises scars on flippers and can remember when the wounds first appeared. When the dolphins appear, she mimics their behaviour by swimming upside down to say hello. She is very familiar with each individual dolphin. This isn’t surprising as she has shared 27 summers off the Florida coast and has had over 2,600 encounters with dolphins. She has spent more time with dolphins than anyone else on Earth. But this is still not enough for Denise. «I want to know what they’re thinking,» she says. In fact, Denise has already spent years experimenting with communicating with the dolphins, but her greatest wish is that one day very soon the dolphins will be able to speak back and tell her what’s on their minds.
Dolphins have the second most evolved brain on the planet after the human race and they are highly sociable and intelligent and remarkably skilled at problem solving. They live in a complex society in which, together with friends and relatives, they raise their young, share responsibilities and resolve conflicts. So clever are these aquatic mammals that they can understand up to two hundred human words using gestures and symbols and even the difference between a statement and a question. So far, however, attempts to talk with dolphins have been mostly one-way. «Many studies ask dolphins to respond to human commands, using fish as a reward, but rarely do we ask dolphins to seek something from us,» says Dr Herzing.
Denise knows that it won’t be easy to get dolphins to ‘speak’ to us. Both the vocal chords of humans and dolphins and the sounds they produce are extremely different. Dolphins communicate with whistles, clicks and other sounds, some of which are too high-frequency for humans to make out. «They live in a sensory world we can only imagine, full of different sounds, sights and tastes,» Dr Herzing explains. Her elegant solution, therefore, was to come up with a new simple language that both humans and dolphins could share. Her latest experiment involves a small waterproof computer that divers will wear called CHAT (Cetacean Hearing and Telemetry). It will send out one of eight signals that correspond to something in the undersea world, seaweed for example. The computer will listen to see if the dolphins mimic the signals. After the system has ‘learnt’ dolphin, all the sounds the dolphins make will then be put through the computer which will try to work out patterns in them in order to decode the vocabulary and grammar of ‘dolphinese’. Then scientists can learn how to ‘reply’ with dolphin-like signals themselves. This underwater translator is only at the trial stage at the moment, but if it is successful, it could have a huge impact. Not only would it delight marine biologists such as Denise Herzing, but it may be possible to adapt the system to enable two-way communication with other animal species, too. Scientists working at SETI (The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) have also expressed a lot of interest in the device! They hope that CHAT could be used to make contact with life in distant galaxies! Herzing says that her research «may be our best training ground for exploring the cosmos for other life, because if we can’t understand life on this planet then there is no hope for our exploration of the galaxy.»
Scientists like Denise Herzing hope that it’s only a matter of time before we can speak to dolphins. The only question is, what on Earth are they going to say to us?
Check these words
pod, scar, flipper, wound, mimic, encounter, evolved brain, remarkably skilled, resolve conflicts, aquatic mammal, vocal chord, whistle, high-frequency sound, seaweed, impact, delight, adapt, make contact with, distant galaxy, training ground
Reading
1 a) What do you know about dolphins? Tell the class.
b) How do dolphins communicate? Why are scientists trying to decode their language?
2 Read the text again and decide if the following statements are T (true), F (false) NS (not stated).
1 Dr Herzing copies the movements of dolphins.
2 Dolphins are very shy animals.
3 Dolphins live in very large groups.
4 There are many similarities’ in the way dolphins and humans produce speech.
5 It took Dr Herzing a long time to develop the new language.
6 CHAT will be used for understanding the language of dolphins.
7 Scientists have not seen any definite results for the use of CHAT yet.
8 Scientists expect communication with dolphins is a long way from happening.
3 а) Find the correct words, then make a sentence with the other word. Compare with your partner.
1 Denise is familiar with all the dolphins; she knows all their names.
2 There are dolphins off the coast of Florida.
3 Dolphins can resolve conflicts.
4 Dolphins send out high-frequency signals that humans can’t hear.
5 Denise is experimenting with different ways to communicate with dolphins.
6 CHAT could have a huge impact on the search for extraterrestrials.
7 SETI wants to make contact with aliens.
b) Match the words in bold to their meanings: trying to, sort out, meetings, understand, imitates, developed, interpret, consequence, most recent.
Collective nouns — animals
4 Complete the phrases with the words in the list.
pack
pod
colony
shoal
swarm
pride
herd
flock
litter
1 a herd of cows/elephants
2 a swarm of wasps/bees
3 a shoal of fish
4 a flock of birds/sheep
5 a litter of puppies/kittens
6 a pride of lions
7 a pod of dolphins
8 a colony of ants
9 a pack of dogs/ wolves
Listen and check.
Grammar
Inversion
5 Read the theory box, then find examples in the text.
We can invert the subject and the auxiliary verb in a sentence to give emphasis:
when the sentence starts with rarely seldom, so, such, etc. Rarely does Andrea stop talking. Such a long time has Denise worked with the dolphins that she knows them all by name.
with so, neither, nor to express agreement/disagreement. John loves animals and so does Hannah.
With should, were, had when they come at the beginning of an if-clause instead of if. Had she done better at school, she’d have studied Marine Biology.
In the main clause when the expressions only after/by/if/when, not until start a sentence. Only if the dolphins mimic the signals, will the experiment work
6 Use the words in brackets to rewrite the sentences, using inversion.
1 She didn’t know dolphins would become her life’s work. (little)
Little did she know (that) dolphins would become her life’s work.
2 Anna has never been diving and Tom hasn’t either. (not only)
3 If you see Mike today, ask him if he wants to go diving on Saturday. (should)
4 Swim with dolphins and you will realise how amazing they are. (only if)
5 Greg had a tiring day so he fell asleep on the bus home. (such)
Key word transformations
7 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use two to five words including the word given.
1 Sam had just dived into the water when the dolphins appeared. (SOONER)
No sooner had Sam dived into the water than the dolphins appeared.
2 We won’t swim here under any circumstances. (WILL)
Under no circumstances will we swim here.
3 Jo was happy and she couldn’t stop smiling. (WAS)
So happy was Jo that she couldn’t stop smiling.
4 They can only see if CHAT works if they test it. (TESTING)
Only by testing it will they see if CHAT works.
Speaking & Writing
8 Listen to and read the text. Imagine you are Denise Herzing and you are giving a talk about your life’s work. Make notes on each paragraph of the text, then use your notes to give your talk.
*Цитирирование части задания со ссылкой на учебник производится исключительно в учебных целях для лучшего понимания разбора решения задания.

Reading

2

1. T — Dr Herzing copies the movements of dolphins by swimming upside down to say hello.
2. NS — it is not stated that dolphins are shy.
3. F — dolphins live in a complex society, but not in very large groups.
4. F — the text says humans and dolphins produce sounds very differently.
5. T — Denise has spent years experimenting with communication.
6. T — CHAT will be used to decode dolphin language.
7. T — the system is still at the trial stage, so there are no definite results yet.
8. F — scientists hope communication with dolphins may happen soon, not that it is a long way from happening.

3a

1. familiar — Denise is familiar with all the dolphins; she knows all their names.
2. encounters — There are dolphins off the coast of Florida.
3. resolve — Dolphins can resolve conflicts.
4. high-frequency — Dolphins send out high-frequency signals that humans can’t hear.
5. experimenting — Denise is experimenting with different ways to communicate with dolphins.
6. impact — CHAT could have a huge impact on the search for extraterrestrials.
7. make contact with — SETI wants to make contact with aliens.

3b

trying to — experimenting
sort out — decode
meetings — encounters
understand — make out
imitates — mimics
developed — evolved
interpret — work out
consequence — impact
most recent — latest

4

Grammar

5

Examples of inversion in the text:

• So clever are these aquatic mammals that they can understand up to two hundred human words…
• Rarely do we ask dolphins to seek something from us.
• Not only would it delight marine biologists such as Denise Herzing, but it may be possible to adapt the system…

6

1. Not only has Anna never been diving, but Tom hasn’t either.
2. Should you see Mike today, ask him if he wants to go diving on Saturday.
3. Only if you swim with dolphins will you realise how amazing they are.
4. Such a tiring day had Greg that he fell asleep on the bus home.

7

1. No sooner had Sam dived into the water than the dolphins appeared.
2. Under no circumstances will we swim here.
3. So happy was Jo that she couldn’t stop smiling.
4. Only by testing it will they see if CHAT works.

Speaking & Writing

8

My name is Denise Herzing, and I have spent many years studying wild spotted dolphins off the Florida coast. I know the members of the pod very well — their names, family connections, scars and behaviour. I often greet them by swimming upside down, because I want to communicate with them in a friendly way.

Dolphins are highly intelligent and sociable animals. They live in a complex society and can understand many human words. However, communication with them has mostly been one-way, so I have spent years trying to change that.

My latest project is CHAT, a small waterproof computer for divers. It sends signals connected with things in the dolphins’ world and listens for their responses. If the system works, it may help us decode dolphin language and even reply with dolphin-like signals.

This research is still at the trial stage, but I believe it could change the way we communicate with animals. It may even help scientists prepare for contact with life beyond our planet.