Стр.60-61 Модуль 3 ГДЗ Starlight Баранова 8 класс

Приведем выдержку из задания из учебника Баранова, Дули, Копылова 8 класс, Просвещение: 3i Writing
An opinion essay
Writing tip
An opinion essay is a formal piece of writing in which we present our personal opinion on a topic and support it with reasons and examples. An opinion essay consists of:
an introduction in which we introduce the topic and clearly state our opinion;
a main body consisting of three paragraphs. The first two present separate viewpoints, each supported by reasons/examples, and the third paragraph presents the opposing viewpoint supported by reasons/examples. Each paragraph starts with a topic sentence which summarises the main idea of the paragraph;
a conclusion, in which we restate our opinion in different words.
We normally use present tenses. We link our ideas with appropriate linking words.
Adding more points: Moreover, Furthermore,
Also, Apart from this, In addition.
Listing points: To begin with, Firstly, In the first place, Secondly, Last, etc
Introducing opposing viewpoints: On the other hand, Although, However, etc
Introducing examples/reasons: For example /instance, Such as, Therefore, In particular, etc
Expressing results: As a result, Consequently, So, As a consequence, etc
Concluding: To sum up, All things considered, Taking everything into account, etc
To express our opinion we use phrases such as: I believe, In my opinion, I think, It seems to me that, To my mind, I strongly disagree with, I am totally against, I completely agree with, etc
We do not use colloquial expressions, everyday language, short verb forms or chatty personal language. We use formal expressions, longer sentences, full verb forms and formal linking words.
We can also find this type of writing in the form of an article in newspapers, magazines, etc.
1 The number of private vehicles on our roads is constantly increasing and causing serious environmental problems. In my opinion, banning all private transport in our towns and cities could be a good idea, as it would reduce pollution levels and therefore improve our quality of life.
2 Firstly, our cities would be far healthier without constant streams of traffic. For example, fewer cars and motorcycles would vastly improve air quality; and harmful gases that contribute to global warming would be greatly reduced. Also, public transport systems would improve and everyone would get to their destinations much faster.
3 Moreover, we would be safer. More people would choose to walk or cycle to work or school. As a result, there would be fewer road accidents.
4 On the other hand, some people argue that a total ban on private transport restricts people’s rights and freedom. Rather than a ban, they simply suggest encouraging the public to use buses and trains more, by making them cheaper to ride and more accessible.
5 All in all, after public transport is improved, I feel that a ban on private transport could be an effective way to create better towns and cities. People could commute more efficiently in a cleaner environment.
1 Read the rubric. Find the key words and answer the questions.
You have had a class discussion about the following statement: «All private transport such as cars and motorcycles should be banned in cities to help protect the environment.» Now your teacher has asked you to write an essay giving your opinion and reasons to support your views.
1 Who is going to read your essay?
2 Will you use colloquial expressions and short verb forms? Why? Why not?
3 What is your opinion on the topic? Give reasons.
2 a) Read the essay and match the paragraphs (1-5) to the headings A-E below.
A restate opinion
В second viewpoint & reasons/examples
C state topic & opinion
D first viewpoint & reasons/examples
E opposing viewpoint & reasons/examples
b) Answer the questions.
1 What is the writer’s opinion?
2 What viewpoints and reasons/examples does he use to support his opinion?
3 What is the opposing viewpoint?
3 a) Read the essay again. Which of the linking words in bold:
b) Replace the words in bold in the essay with: In addition, Consequently, To start with, For instance, In conclusion, In my view, However, Secondly. Check with your partner.
Topic/Supporting sentences
4 Read the topic sentences. Use the phrases to write supporting sentences.
1 On the other hand, some people believe that space exploration is very important.
help resolve Earth’s overpopulation
find natural resources
2 Riding bicycles instead of cars helps improve city life.
reduce air pollution
good form of exercise
5 Use phrases from the Writing Tip to express your opinion on the following. Use the ideas below.
1 we/help the elderly -> quality of life improve
I strongly believe that we should help the elderly.
If we do so, their quality of life will improve.
2 we/donate to charities -> help those in need to have decent lives
3 we/recycle waste material -> conserve our natural resources
4 we/join in clean-up days -> cities look better
6 a) Read the essay topic and the viewpoints (1-3).
«It should be mandatory for all young people to volunteer to help protect the environment.»
1 This work would benefit young people in the future.
2 It is unfair to force young people to give up their free time.
3 Young people contribute to environmental problems and should therefore help solve them.
b) Listen to Bill and Tina talking about the topic. What reasons/examples do they give to support the viewpoints?
Текст аудирования:
Bill: Hi, Tina! Have you got a few minutes? I have to write an essay and I’m short on ideas. I was wondering if I could pick your brain.
Tina: Sure, Bill. What’s the topic?
Bill: «It should be mandatory for all young people to do charity work to protect the environment.»
Tina: Oh, I have to write that one, too. Let’s see … we need two viewpoints which are in agreement with the statement. How about: «This work would benefit young people in the future.» You know — things like cleaning-up beaches and planting trees would teach them how to work as part of a team — that’s useful for their future jobs.
Bill: Good point. They’d also develop a greater sense of responsibility. That’s another quality bosses appreciate! On the other hand, wouldn’t kids think it’s unfair to be forced to give up their free time to do unpaid work?
Tina: Well, maybe, and we could mention that in the essay. After all, they could argue that they’re already under a lot of pressure with their studies — or work, if they’ve got a job.
Bill: Right. But the most important point we should make is that young people should try to help solve environmental problems, because they help to cause them.
Tina: What do you mean?
Bill: Well, for example, anyone who travels by car or uses public transportation is helping to increase the problem of air pollution. Young people travel to school or work every day. Also PCs, TVs, game consoles, DVD players, and so on, use a lot of electricity and young people use these all the time.
Tina: That’s a good point! A lot of young people I know spend most of their time online or playing on their XBox or Playstation and I suppose you could say they’ve got more time and energy than their parents to get involved with charity work.
Bill: Wow, Tina! We’ve just managed to find ideas for three main viewpoints. You’re terrific! Thanks for your help.
Tina: You’re welcome, Bill. Now we just have to write a good introduction and conclusion.
7 Use ideas from Ex. 6 and the plan to write your essay (120-180 words). Use phrases from the Useful Language box.
Plan
Para 1: state the topic, give your opinion (Our Earth is threatened by… I feel that all young people should…)
Paras 2 & 3: present viewpoints & support them with reasons/examples (Firstly,… For example,…)
Para 4: present the opposite viewpoint with reasons/ examples (On the other hand, …It would be…)
Para 5: restate your opinion in other words (All in all, I believe…)
Useful language
In the first place … ; Furthermore, it is essential … ; On the other hand, it can be argued … ; All things considered it seems to me that … ; For example … ; Moreover… ; As a result, we …
*Цитирирование части задания со ссылкой на учебник производится исключительно в учебных целях для лучшего понимания разбора решения задания.

1

1. The teacher and the classmates will read the essay.

2. No, we will not. An opinion essay is a formal piece of writing, so we should use formal expressions, full verb forms and linking words.

3. I think private transport should not be completely banned, but cities should encourage people to use public transport more because it would reduce pollution and traffic.

2a

1 – C, 2 – D, 3 – B, 4 – E, 5 – A

2b

1. The writer thinks that banning all private transport in towns and cities could be a good idea.

2. He says that cities would be healthier, air quality would improve, harmful gases would be reduced, public transport would improve, and there would be fewer road accidents.

3. The opposing viewpoint is that a total ban on private transport restricts people’s rights and freedom. Instead, some people suggest making public transport cheaper and more accessible.

3b

1 – In my view
2 – To start with
3 – For instance
4 – Secondly
5 – In addition
6 – However
7 – Consequently
8 – In conclusion

4

1. On the other hand, some people believe that space exploration is very important because it can help resolve Earth’s overpopulation. Moreover, it may help us find natural resources.

2. Riding bicycles instead of cars helps improve city life because it reduces air pollution. Furthermore, it is a good form of exercise.

5

1. I strongly believe that we should help the elderly. If we do so, their quality of life will improve.

2. I strongly believe that we should donate to charities. If we do so, we will help those in need to have decent lives.

3. I strongly believe that we should recycle waste material. If we do so, we will conserve our natural resources.

4. I strongly believe that we should join in clean-up days. If we do so, our cities will look better.

6b

1. This work would benefit young people in the future because it would teach them to work as part of a team and help them develop a greater sense of responsibility.

2. It is unfair to force young people to give up their free time because they are already under a lot of pressure with their studies or work.

3. Young people contribute to environmental problems and should therefore help solve them because they travel by car or public transport and use a lot of electricity.

7

Our Earth is threatened by many environmental problems, so I feel that all young people should be required to volunteer to help protect the environment.

In the first place, this work would benefit young people in the future. For example, cleaning up beaches and planting trees would teach them to work as part of a team. Moreover, they would develop a greater sense of responsibility, which is useful in later life.

Furthermore, it is essential that young people understand how to protect the environment. They use cars, public transport and electrical devices every day, so they should help solve the problems they contribute to.

On the other hand, it can be argued that it is unfair to force young people to give up their free time. They are often busy with their studies or jobs, so they may feel that unpaid work is too much pressure.

All things considered, it seems to me that mandatory volunteer work would be a good idea. It would help young people in the future and encourage them to take responsibility for the environment.