Стр.136-137 Across the curriculum ГДЗ Комарова Ларионова 8 класс

Приведем выдержку из задания из учебника Комарова, Ларионова 8 класс, Русское слово: 4 Anatomy
Across the curriculum
Bones and muscles
1 Read the text and name parts 1-4 of the picture. Use the words below.
compact bone
muscle
bone marrow
ligament
Bones
All vertebrates have internal skeletons. The human skeleton has over 200 bones and this hard, tough structure protects and supports the rest of the body. For example, the ribs protect the heart and lungs.
The bones vary in shape and size depending on their function. The smallest bones are inside the ear and the largest is the femur (top leg bone). Male skeletons are different to female skeletons. For example, the female pelvis is a different shape to allow a baby to be born.
Bones are not solid. The outer part of the bone is compact bone and has nerves and blood vessels and in the centre there is soft bone marrow, which is where new blood cells are made. Calcium is needed to make strong bones.
Bones are joined to other bones at joints by strong tissue called ligaments.
2 Read the text about bones again. Answer the questions.
1 Are dogs vertebrates? Why or why not?
2 How many bones are there in the human body?
3 Where is the smallest bone in the human body?
4 Are male and female skeletons identical?
5 Are bones solid?
6 What is produced in the bone marrow?
3 Name parts 1-8 of the skeleton. Use the words in the box.
Humerus
radius
pelvis
femur
cranium
ribs
scapula
vertebrae
Muscles
4 Read about muscles and look at the diagram. Answer the questions.
Muscles
Muscles are needed for movement. All muscles are made of muscle fibres which contract or relax. Some muscles work automatically, for example, the muscles in the heart which pump blood or the muscles in the intestines which move food through the body.
Other muscles are attached to bones by tendons. Many muscles in the body work in pairs. One muscle pulls in one direction and the other pulls in the opposite direction.
1 Why do we need muscles?
2 What are two examples of muscles which work automatically?
3 How are muscles attached to bones?
4 Give the names of a pair of muscles which work together in the arm.
Project
You are going to find out about calcium.
Plan
Calcium
What is it?
Where can you find it?
Why is it important for bones?
Who is it most important for?
What happens if you don’t have enough calcium?
Research
Find information about calcium. Look in the library or on the Internet.
Prepare
Complete the table with your findings.
Present your material
Show your completed project to your classmates and teacher.
*Цитирирование части задания со ссылкой на учебник производится исключительно в учебных целях для лучшего понимания разбора решения задания.

Ответ

1. 1 — compact bone; 2 — bone marrow; 3 — ligament; 4 — muscle.

2.

1. Yes, they are. Dogs are vertebrates because they have internal skeletons.
2. There are over 200 bones in the human body.
3. The smallest bone is inside the ear.
4. No, they aren’t. Male and female skeletons are different.
5. No, they aren’t. Bones are not solid.
6. New blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.

3. 1 — cranium; 2 — scapula; 3 — ribs; 4 — vertebrae; 5 — pelvis; 6 — humerus; 7 — radius; 8 — femur.

4.

1. We need muscles for movement.
2. The muscles in the heart and the muscles in the intestines work automatically.
3. Muscles are attached to bones by tendons.
4. The biceps and triceps work together in the arm.