Стр.43 Unit 3 Пересекая границы культур ГДЗ Комарова Ларионова 9 класс

Задача

Приведем выдержку из задания из учебника Комарова, Ларионова 9 класс, Русское слово: Grammar
Present perfect with for and since
We use the present perfect with for when we mention the period or length of time of a situation.
I’ve been here for two weeks.
We use the present perfect with since when we mention the point of time when a situation started.
I’ve spent every summer here since I was 13.
We use How long … ? with the present perfect to ask about the duration of an action or a situation.
How long have you been in England?
How long has your teacher taught at this school?
Just, yet and already
We use just in the affirmative to talk about something we have done a short time before the moment of speaking.
It goes between the auxiliary verb and the main verb.
I’ve just spoken to my parents on the phone.
We use yet to describe a period of time up to now.
We use it in negative sentences to talk about something that hasn’t been done up to the moment of speaking, and we use it in questions to ask if something has been done.
Yet goes at the end of negative sentences and questions.
The lesson hasn’t finished yet.
Have you done your homework yet?
We use already in the affirmative to talk about something that we have done.
It goes between the auxiliary verb and the main verb.
I’ve already been to London.
Present perfect and past simple
We use the present perfect for situations when the time period is not finished.
I’ve lived here all my life.
We use the past simple for completed actions in the past, when the time period is finished.
Last weekend we went on a day trip to London.
Last weekend we have been on a day trip to London.
Past perfect
Affirmative
I/You/He/She/It/We/They
had
studied
really
hard.
Negative
I/You/He/She/It/We/They
hadn’t
bought the book.
Questions
Had
I/you/he/she/it/we/they
used acomputerbefore?
Short answers
Yes,
I/you/he/she/it/we/they
had.
No,
I/you/he/she/it/we/they
hadn’t.
We use the past perfect for actions in the past which happened before another action.
2nd action:
Irma took the test a few days ago.
1st action:
She hadn’t used a computer before.
We form the past perfect with subject + had + past participle.
Danil had studied very hard to pass the exam. *Цитирирование части задания со ссылкой на учебник производится исключительно в учебных целях для лучшего понимания разбора решения задания.

Подробный ответ

Present perfect with for and since используется так:

for — когда указывают период времени: I’ve been here for two weeks.
since — когда указывают момент, с которого началось действие: I’ve spent every summer here since I was 13.
How long … ? — чтобы спросить о длительности действия или состояния: How long have you been in England?

Слова just, yet и already употребляются так:

just — в утвердительных предложениях, если действие произошло совсем недавно: I’ve just spoken to my parents on the phone.
yet — в отрицательных предложениях и вопросах; обычно стоит в конце: The lesson hasn’t finished yet. Have you done your homework yet?
already — в утвердительных предложениях, если действие уже произошло: I’ve already been to London.

Present perfect и past simple различаются так:

Present perfect — если период времени ещё не закончился: I’ve lived here all my life.
Past simple — если действие завершилось в прошлом: Last weekend we went on a day trip to London.

Past perfect образуется по формуле: had + past participle.